Gene_name | Experimentally Verified Resistance Gene Information | Predicted Resistance Gene Information |
abeS | BacMet ID: BAC0002Code for:
EffluxFamily: Small multidrug resistance (SMR) familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Acinetobacter baumanniiLocation:
ChromosomeCompound: Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Acriflavine [class: Acridine], Chlorhexidine [class: Biguanides], Pyronin Y [class: Xanthene], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Methyl Viologen [class: Paraquat], Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) [class: Diamindine], Acridine Orange [class: Acridine], Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) [class: Organo-sulfate], Sodium Deoxycholate (SDC) [class: Acid], Crystal Violet [class: Triarylmethane], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Dequalinium [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: Disinfectant resistance protein abeS. It can confer resistance to antibiotics such as erythromycin, novomycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoporin and dyes, QACs etc. Length (amino acid):
109Reference: Srinivasan et al. 2009; Pubmed- 19770280
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
bepC | BacMet ID: BAC0042Code for:
EffluxFamily: RND superfamily, OMP/TolC familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Brucella suis biovar 1 (strain 1330)Location:
ChromosomeCompound: Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Acriflavine [class: Acridine], Crystal Violet [class: Triarylmethane], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Sodium Deoxycholate (SDC) [class: Acid], Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) [class: Organo-sulfate]Description: Involved in the efflux of toxic and relatively hydrophobic compounds. Influences survival inside the host. Probably part of a tripartite efflux pump, which is composed of an outer membrane efflux protein, an inner membrane protein and a protein that expands the periplasmic space. It can form a tripartite pump with BepD and BepE or with BepF and BepG.Length (amino acid):
456Reference: Posada et al. 2007; Pubmed- 17088356
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
bmr | BacMet ID: BAC0053Code for:
EffluxFamily: MFS superfamilySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)Location:
ChromosomeCompound: Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Acridine Orange [class: Acridine], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multi-drug-resistant cells. Probably uses a transmembrane proton gradient as the energy source. Causes the efflux of a variety of toxic substances, including such structurally diverse compounds as ethidium bromide, rhodamine and acridine dyes, tetraphenylphosphonium, puromycin, chloramphenicol, doxorubicin, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics.Length (amino acid):
389Reference: Neyfakh et al. 1991; Pubmed- 1675788
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
kmrA | BacMet ID: BAC0493Code for:
EffluxFamily: MFS superfamilySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Klebsiella pneumoniaeLocation:
ChromosomeCompound: Acriflavine [class: Acridine], 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) [class: Diamindine], Hoechst 33342 [class: Bisbenzimide], Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Methyl Viologen [class: Paraquat], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: It can confer resistance to Antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamycin, erythromycin etc. Length (amino acid):
499Reference: Ogawa et al. 2006; Pubmed- 16508165
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
lmrS | BacMet ID: BAC0535Code for:
EffluxFamily: MFS superfamilySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COLLocation:
ChromosomeCompound: Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) [class: Organo-sulfate], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: LmrS is an efflux protein capable of extruding multiple and structurally unrelated antimicrobial compounds. It can confer resistance to antobiotics such as linezolid, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol etc.Length (amino acid):
480Reference: Floyd et al 2010; Pubmed- 20855745
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
mdeA | BacMet ID: BAC0207Code for:
EnzymeFamily: Trans-sulfuration enzymes familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Pseudomonas putida (Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus)Location:
ChromosomeCompound: Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Hoechst 33342 [class: Bisbenzimide], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Acriflavine [class: Acridine], Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Chlorhexidine [class: Biguanides], Crystal Violet [class: Triarylmethane], Dequalinium [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Pentamidine [class: Diamidine], Pyronin Y [class: Xanthene]Description: Methionine gamma-lyase (MdeA)Length (amino acid):
398Reference: Huang et al. 2004; Pubmed- 14982783, Yamada et al. 2006; Pubmed- 16595922, Huet et al. 2008; Pubmed- 18832320
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
mepA | BacMet ID: BAC0221Code for:
EffluxFamily: Multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) family (MepA subfamily)Sequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Only gram +ve, Staphylococcus aureusLocation:
ChromosomeCompound: Chlorhexidine [class: Biguanides], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Acriflavine [class: Acridine], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Dequalinium [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Pentadiamine [class: Diamidine], Trimethylamine-diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH) [class: Diphenylhexatriene], Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Crystal Violet [class: Triarylmethane], Pyronin Y [class: Xanthene]Description: Multidrug Export protein, Multidrug resistance efflux protein By similarity. Contributes to resistance to the glycylcycline antibiotic tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin etc.Length (amino acid):
451Reference: McAleese et al. 2005; Pubmed- 15855508, Kaatz et al. 2005; Pubmed- 15855507, Huet et al. 2008; Pubmed- 18832320
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
norA | BacMet ID: BAC0282Code for:
EffluxFamily: Major facilitator superfamily (MFS), TCR/tet familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Staphylococcus aureusLocation:
ChromosomeCompound: Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Acriflavine [class: Acridine], Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Chlorhexidine [class: Biguanides], Crystal Violet [class: Triarylmethane], Dequalinium [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine] , Pentamidine [class: Diamidine], Pyronin Y [class: Xanthene], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: Quinolone resistance protein norA, Involved in quinolone resistance. May constitute a membrane-associated active efflux pump of hydrophilic quinolones.Length (amino acid):
388Reference: Yoshida et al. 1990; Pubmed- 2174864, Huet et al. 2008; Pubmed- 18832320
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
norB | BacMet ID: BAC0283Code for:
EffluxFamily: Major facilitator superfamily (MFS), TCR/tet familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Staphylococcus aureus (strain MW2)Location:
ChromosomeCompound: Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: Quinolone resistance protein norB, Multidrug efflux pump that acts independently of norA and is one of the factors that confers resistance against diverse quinolones and chemical compounds By similarity. Can facilitate bacterial survival in vivo when overexpressed in an abscess and may contribute to the relative resistance of staphylococcal abscesses to antimicrobial therapyLength (amino acid):
463Reference: Ding et al. 2008; Pubmed- 18723624
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
oqxA | BacMet ID: BAC0294Code for:
EnzymeFamily: RND superfamily, MFP familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Escherichia coliLocation:
Plasmid p0LA52 (E. coli), Plasmid pGDGK3 (Klebsiella pneumoniae)Compound: Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Clorine Dioxide (ClO2) [class: Halogens], Triclosan [class: Phenolic compounds], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Chlorhexidine [class: Biguanides], Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) [class: Organo-sulfate], Acriflavine [class: Acridine]Description: RND family multidrug efflux permease oqxA; part of oqxAB efflux system, can co-select antibiotics such as Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, nofloxacin, trimethoprim etc. oqxAB efflux system is dependent on the host TolC outer membrane protein when expressed in E. coli.Length (amino acid):
391Reference: Hansen et al. 2007; Pubmed- 17526501
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
oqxB | BacMet ID: BAC0295Code for:
EnzymeFamily: RND superfamily, AcrB/AcrD/AcrF familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Escherichia coliLocation:
Plasmid pOLA52 (E. coli),Compound: Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Clorine Dioxide (ClO2) [class: Halogens], Triclosan [class: Phenolic compounds], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Chlorhexidine [class: Biguanides], Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) [class: Organo-sulfate], Acriflavine [class: Acridine]Description: RND family multidrug efflux permease oqxB; part of the oqxAB efflux system; can co-select antibiotics such as Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, nofloxacin, trimethoprim etc. oqxAB efflux system is dependent on the host TolC outer membrane protein when expressed in E. coli.Length (amino acid):
1050Reference: Hansen et al. 2007; Pubmed- 17526501
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
qacA | BacMet ID: BAC0319Code for:
EffluxFamily: Major facilitator superfamily (MFS)Sequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Only gram +ve, Staphylococcus aureusLocation:
Plasmid VRSAp, pSK1 (S. Aureus)Compound: Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Acriflavine [class: Acridine], Chlorhexidine [class: Biguanides], Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Crystal Violet [class: Triarylmethane], Pyronin Y [class: Xanthene], Quinaldine red [class: Quinolines], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Safranin O [class: Azin], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Alexidine [class: Biguanides], Amicarbalide [class: Diamidine], Pentamidine [class: Diamidine], Hexamidine [class: Diamidine], Propamidine [class: Diamidine], Diamidinodiphenylamine [class: Diamidine], Dibrompropamidine [class: Diamidine], 1a-62/JC-1-127 [class: Guanylhydrazones], 1i-39/JC-1-134 [class: Guanylhydrazones], Stilbamidine [class: Diamidine], Phenamidine [class: Diamidine], Diminazene [class: Diamidine]Description: Antiseptic resistnce gene qacA; Confers export-mediated resistance against antiseptic and disinfectant compounds such as intercalating dyes, quaternary ammonium salts and diamidines. qacA and qacB are different in sequence similarities by just by 7 nucleotides. Length (amino acid):
514Reference: Tennent et al 1989; Pubmed- 2778425, Rouch et al. 1990; Pubmed- 2089219, Paulsen et al. 1996; Pubmed- 8622987, Mitchell et al. 1998; Pubmed- 9527814
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
qacC/qacD/smr | BacMet ID: BAC0321Code for:
EffluxFamily: Small multidrug resistance (SMR) familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Staphylococcus aureusLocation:
Plasmid pTZ20, pWBG32, pTZ22, pKH8Compound: Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Pyronin Y [class: Xanthene], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Crystal Violet [class: Triarylmethane], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Dequalinium [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: Quaternary ammonium compound-resistance protein QacC (also called as QacD or smr); Multidrug exporter. Is implicated for the resistance to bacteriocidal quaternary ammonium compounds and ethidium bromide. It confers resistance to toxic organic cations via proton-dependent export.Length (amino acid):
107Reference: Paulsen et al. 1995; Pubmed- 7751293, Paulsen et al. 1993; Pubmed- 8494372
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
qacE | BacMet ID: BAC0322Code for:
EffluxFamily: Small multidrug resistance (SMR) familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Only gram -ve, Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosaLocation:
Plasmid IncP-beta R751 (E. coli), Plasmid IncP-beta R751 (Enterobacter aerogenes)Compound: Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Pyronin Y [class: Xanthene], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Crystal Violet [class: Triarylmethane], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Dequalinium [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: Quaternary ammonium compound-resistance protein qacE, Multidrug exporter. It is implicated for the resistance to bacteriocidal quaternary ammonium compounds.Length (amino acid):
110Reference: Paulsen et al. 1993; Pubmed- 8494372
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
qacEdelta1 | BacMet ID: BAC0323Code for:
EffluxFamily: Small multidrug resistance (SMR) familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Both gram +ve and -ve , Staphylococcus aureus, E. faecalis, P .aeruginosaLocation:
Plasmid Rms149, In786, R388-R151 hybrid , pOZ176 , pKM0509, R1033, pKLC102, pLQ1001Compound: Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Acriflavine [class: Acridine], Chlorhexidine [class: Biguanides], Pyronin Y [class: Xanthene], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Methyl Viologen [class: Paraquat], Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) [class: Diamindine], Acridine Orange [class: Acridine], Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) [class: Organo-sulfate], Sodium Deoxycholate (SDC) [class: Acid], Crystal Violet [class: Triarylmethane], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Dequalinium [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: Disinfectant resistance protein QacEdelta 1. It can confer resistance to antibiotics as well such as erythromycin, novomycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoporin etc.Length (amino acid):
115Reference: Kazama et al. 1999; Pubmed- 10339831, Paulsen et al. 1993; Pubmed- 8494372
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
qacF | BacMet ID: BAC0324Code for:
EffluxFamily: Small multidrug resistance (SMR) familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Only gram -ve, E. aerogenes, E. cloacaeLocation:
Plasmid pIP833 (E. aerogenes)Compound: Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)]Description: Quaternary ammonium compound-resistance protein qacF, Multidrug exporter. Is implicated for the resistance to bacteriocidal quaternary ammonium compoundsLength (amino acid):
110Reference: Ploy et al. 1998; Pubmed- 9756755
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
smvA/emrB | BacMet ID: BAC0367Code for:
EffluxFamily: Major facilitator superfamily (MFS), TCR/tet familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Salmonella typhimuriumLocation:
ChromosomeCompound: Methyl Viologen [class: Paraquat], Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Hoechst 33342 [class: Bisbenzimide], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Acriflavine [class: Acridine]Description: Methyl viologen resistance protein SmvA, Major efflux pump for Acriflavine and other quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). Also required for resistance to methyl viologen, Mutants show increased sensitivity to methyl viologen and Acriflavine.Length (amino acid):
495Reference: Santiviago et al. 2002; Pubmed- 12410826, Hongo et al. 1994; Pubmed- 7926834, Ogawa et al. 2006; Pubmed- 16508165
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
sugE | BacMet ID: BAC0378Code for:
EffluxFamily: Small multidrug resistance (SMR) family (SugE subfamily)Sequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: only gram -ve, Escherichia coliLocation:
Plasmid IncN p541 (Escherichia coli), Plasmid pIW759 (Salmonella typhimurium)Compound: Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) [class: Organo-sulfate]Description: Quaternary ammonium compound-resistance protein sugE, Quaternary ammonium compound efflux pump. Confers resistance to cetylpyridinium, cetyldimethylethyl ammonium and cetrimide cations; Unlike the other members of the SMR family, SugE exhibits a narrow specificity for a very specific class of compounds.Length (amino acid):
105Reference: Chung et al. 2002; Pubmed- 11948170, He et al. 2011; Pubmed- 21576447
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |
tolC | BacMet ID: BAC0393Code for:
EffluxFamily: RND Superfamily, OMP familySequence: FASTACross-database IDs: LinkOrganism: Escherichia coli (strain K12)Location:
ChromosomeCompound: Phenol [class: Phenolic compounds], Triclosan [class: Phenolic compounds], Sodium Deoxycholate (SDC) [class: Acid], Sodium Cholate [class: Acid], Sodium Taurodeoxycholate [class: Acid], Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) [class: Organo-sulfate], Proflavin [class: Acridine], Acriflavine [class: Acridine], Ethidium Bromide [class: Phenanthridine], Tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Rhodamine 6G [class: Xanthene], Tetraphenylarsonium (TPA) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Cetrimide (CTM) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Dequalinium [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Benzylkonium Chloride (BAC) [class: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)], Plumbagin [class: Naphthoquinone]Description: Required for proper expression of outer membrane protein genes such as ompF, nmpC, protein 2, hemolysin, colicin V, or colicin E1. May be specialized for signal sequence independent, extracellular secretion in Gram-negative bacteria. Required for acrAB, mar efflux pumps to act as multidrug efflux pump.Length (amino acid):
493Reference: Hackett et al. 1983; Pubmed- 6312426, Fralick et al. 1996; Pubmed- 8824631, Sulavik et al. 2001; Pubmed- 11257026
| Similar
resistance genes in 'BacMet Predicted database' |